During hip replacement, a surgeon removes the damaged sections of the hip joint and replaces them with parts usually constructed of metal, ceramic and very hard plastic. This artificial joint (prosthesis) helps reduce pain and improve function.

Also called total hip arthroplasty, hip replacement surgery might be an option if hip pain interferes with daily activities and nonsurgical treatments haven’t helped or are no longer effective. Arthritis damage is the most common reason to need hip replacement.

Why it’s done

Conditions that can damage the hip joint, sometimes making hip replacement surgery necessary, include:

• Osteoarthritis. Commonly known as wear-and-tear arthritis, osteoarthritis damages the slick cartilage that covers the ends of bones and helps joints move smoothly.
• Rheumatoid arthritis. Caused by an overactive immune system, rheumatoid arthritis produces a type of inflammation that can erode cartilage and occasionally underlying bone, resulting in damaged and deformed joints.
• Osteonecrosis. If there isn’t enough blood supplied to the ball portion of the hip joint, such as might result from a dislocation or fracture, the bone might collapse and deform.

Hip replacement may be an option if hip pain:

• Persists, despite pain medication
• Worsens with walking, even with a cane or walker
• Interferes with sleep
• Affects the ability to walk up or down stairs
• Makes it difficult to rise from a seated position

How you prepare

Before the operation, you’ll have an exam with the orthopedic surgeon. The surgeon may:

• Ask about your medical history and current medications
• Examine your hip, paying attention to the range of motion in your joint and the strength of the surrounding muscles
• Order blood tests and an X-ray. An MRI is rarely needed

During this appointment, ask any questions you have about the procedure. Be sure to find out which medications you should avoid or continue to take in the week before surgery.

Because tobacco use can interfere with healing, it’s best to stop using tobacco products. If you need help to quit, talk to your doctor.

Home recovery

Before you leave the hospital, you and your caregivers will get tips on caring for your new hip. For a smooth transition:

• Arrange to have a friend or relative prepare some meals in advance
• Place everyday items at waist level, so you won’t have to bend down or reach up
• Consider getting a raised toilet seat and a shower chair for your recovery at home
• Put your phone, tissues, TV remote, medicine and books near the area where you’ll be spending most of your time during recovery